The Institutionalisation of the Multilateral Police Cooperation in the Americas: A Bottom-Up Approach to the Pathway of an Informal Government Network

Contenuto principale dell'articolo

Carla Maria de Oliveira Costardi

Abstract

The Police Community of America – AMERIPOL was created in 2007, at the 3rd Meeting of Directors, Commanders and Chiefs of Police of Latin America and the Caribbean that took place in Bogotá, Colombia. At the end of this meeting, official delegates of 15 national police institutions signed AMERIPOL’s bylaws. This decision led to the creation of a government network with broad cooperation faculties that – even without an international treaty – has operated since 2007 as a multilateral police cooperation mechanism. States did not oppose AMERIPOL, and several international organisations, the European Union, private actors and police institutions outside the Americas established cooperative alliances with it. The peculiar scenario where police forces – not States – lead the institutionalisation of multilateral police cooperation in the Americas begs the question: is it possible to reconcile the particular political conjuncture of creation and consolidation of AMERIPOL with international law? In this article, I sustain that the harmonisation of that specific political context and legal theory is, indeed, possible by articulating Anne-Marie Slaughter’s disaggregated state interpretation of the transnational agency of domestic government institutions with Janet K. Levit’s Bottom-Up Approach to International Lawmaking. This theoretical proposition reconciles AMERIPOL’s informal origins with the legitimacy needed to participate in any lawmaking process.

Dettagli dell'articolo

Come citare
The Institutionalisation of the Multilateral Police Cooperation in the Americas: A Bottom-Up Approach to the Pathway of an Informal Government Network. Rivista Brasiliana di Scienza di Polizia, Brasília, Brasil, v. 13, n. 7, p. 227–262, 2022. DOI: 10.31412/rbcp.v13i7.799. Disponível em: https://periodicos.pf.gov.br/index.php/RBCP/article/view/799.. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.
Sezione
Artigos
Biografia autore

Carla Maria de Oliveira Costardi, Policia Federal, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

Graduada em Direito pela Universidade de São Paulo. Estudante do Mestrado em Assuntos Internacionais na Universidad Externado de Colombia. Estudante do Doutorado em Ciências Jurídicas na Universidade Javeriana. Investigadora do Grupo de Pesquisa sobre Justiça Social, Teoria Jurídica Geral e Teoria Política da Faculdade de Ciências Jurídicas da Pontifícia Universidade Javeriana. Delegada de Polícia Federal.

Come citare

The Institutionalisation of the Multilateral Police Cooperation in the Americas: A Bottom-Up Approach to the Pathway of an Informal Government Network. Rivista Brasiliana di Scienza di Polizia, Brasília, Brasil, v. 13, n. 7, p. 227–262, 2022. DOI: 10.31412/rbcp.v13i7.799. Disponível em: https://periodicos.pf.gov.br/index.php/RBCP/article/view/799.. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Riferimenti bibliografici

@AMERIPOL.ORG. 2/3 El debate entre las policías de las Americas fomentado por l experiencia transmitida por @policia de España, PJ de Portugal y Ministerio del Interior de Italia @Viminale y con representación de la @Minseg de Argentina y DEVCO-UE. Todos unidos contra e. [s. l.], 2020a. Disponível em: https://twitter.com/AmeripolOrg/status/1258411647472930817.

@AMERIPOL.ORG. 1/2 @AmeripolOrg y @jolitaEU #DEVCO, por medio del SUPPORT TO AMERIPOL, realizan videoconferencia de gran alcance con más de 900 participantes directos. Prevención en riesgos labores policiales y policías científicas. [s. l.], 2020b. Disponível em: https://twitter.com/AmeripolOrg/status/1258410221728346115?s=20.

@AMERIPOL.ORG. @AmeripolOrg y SUPPORT TO AMERIPOL-UE convocan a las próximas videoconferencias relacionadas al COVID-19. [s. l.], 2020c. Disponível em: https://twitter.com/AmeripolOrg/status/1254888791497682946?s=20.

@AMERIPOL.ORG. Con expertos en los temas de lucha contra la desinformación (FAKE-NEWS) y el cibercrimen, funcionarios de @policia y con apoyo del proyecto support to AMERIPOL #UniónEuropea brinda cátedra magistral a más de 800 participantes de vídeo conferencia. [s. l.], 2020d.

@IGNACIOYBANEZ. Excelente reunión organizada por @AmeripolOrg para abordar cuestión de desinformación y ciber crimen en tiempos del COVID19.Reforzando la cooperación entre la Unión Europea y nuestros socios Americanos. Juntos podemos. @ELPAcCTO @FIIAPP @policia @policiaf. [s. l.], 2020. Disponível em: https://twitter.com/IgnacioYbanez/status/1250479718866006016.

AMERIPOL. ¿QUIÉNES INTEGRAN AMERIPOL?. [s. l.], [s. d.]. Disponível em: http://www.ameripol.org/portalAmeripol/appmanager/portal/desk?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=portals_portal_page_m2p1p2&content_id=20162&folderNode=20127. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2020.

AMERIPOL. Estatuto de AMERIPOL. [S. l.], 2007.

AMERIPOL. Acta de la XI Cumbre del Consejo de Directores de AMERIPOL - Buenos Aires 2018. In: 2018, Anais [...]. [S. l.: s. n.]

AMERIPOL. HISTORIA - AMERIPOL. [s. l.], 2019a. Disponível em: http://www.ameripol.org/portalAmeripol/appmanager/portal/desk?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=portals_portal_page_m2p1p2&content_id=20088&folderNode1=26017&folderNode1=26028. Acesso em: 7 maio. 2019.

AMERIPOL. AMERIPOL - Organismos Observadores. [s. l.], 2019b. Disponível em: http://www.ameripol.org/portalAmeripol/appmanager/portal/desk?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=portals_portal_page_m2p1p2&content_id=20117&folderNode=26028&folderNode1=28002. Acesso em: 7 maio. 2019.

ATLANTIC COUNCIL. The untapped potential of the US-Colombia Partnership: Creating a Modernized Plan for the Bilateral RelationshipINDEPENDENT TASK FORCE REPORT. [S. l.: s. n.].

BACHELET, Michelle. Discurso de S.E. la Presidenta de la República, Michelle Bachelet Jeria, al asistir a la 10° Cumbre AMERIPOL, reunión del Consejo de Directores de la Comunidad de Policías de América. In: 2017, Santiago de Chile. 10 Cumbre AMERIPOL. Santiago de Chile: [s. n.], 2017. p. 1–4. Disponível em: https://prensa.presidencia.cl/lfi-content/uploads/2017/10/oct242017arm-10-cumbre-ameripol.pdf. Acesso em: 1 jun. 2020.

BARBOSA, Tony Gean. Discurso durante cerimônia de posse da Policia Federal do Brasil na Secretaria Executiva da AMERIPOL. [S. l.: s. n.]

BERMAN, Paul Schiff. Global legal pluralism: a jurisprudence of law beyond boarders. [S. l.]: Cambridge University Press, 2012. E-book.

BONFANTE, Daniel Arias. Más de 50 capturados en operativo contra el contrabando en varios país | RCN Radio. [s. l.], 2019. Disponível em: https://www.rcnradio.com/internacional/mas-de-50-capturados-en-operativo-contra-el-contrabando-en-varios-paises. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2020.

CASTRO, Viviana et al. Vías de reconocimiento internacional y búsqueda de la personalidad jurídica de la Comunidad de Policías de las Américas – AMERIPOL - DOCUMENTO FINAL. 2018a. - Universidad Externado de Colombia, [s. l.], 2018.

CASTRO, Viviana et al. Vías de reconocimiento internacional y búsqueda de la personalidad jurídica de la Comunidad de Policías de las Américas – AMERIPOL - PRIMER PRODUCTO. 2018b. - Universidad Externado de Colombia, [s. l.], 2018.

CASTRO, Viviana et al. Vías de reconocimiento internacional y búsqueda de la personalidad jurídica de la Comunidad de Policías de las Américas – AMERIPOL - SEGUNDO PRODUCTO. 2018c. - Universidad Externado de Colombia, [s. l.], 2018.

Convenio de cooperación policial reforzada contra la delincuencia organizada. Buenos Aires: 2018.

COUZENS, Gerard. British drugs baron who was in “top ten most investigated villains in Europe” is jailed for 15 years on the Costa Blanca. [s. l.], 2018. Disponível em: https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/7734056/brian-charrington-trial-jailed-drugs-villain-europe/. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2020.

EFE. Policías de América piden redoblar lucha contra la corrupción entre agentes | México | Edición América | Agencia EFE. [s. l.], 2016. Disponível em: https://www.efe.com/efe/america/mexico/policias-de-america-piden-redoblar-lucha-contra-la-corrupcion-entre-agentes/50000545-3049244. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2020.

EFE. Policías de América Latina firman un convenio apoyado por la UE contra el crimen organizado. [s. l.], 2018. Disponível em: https://www.efe.com/efe/america/politica/policias-de-america-latina-firman-un-convenio-apoyado-por-la-ue-contra-el-crimen-organizado/20000035-3708435. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.

EL COMERCIO. Así fue la detención de los ciclistas del Kuota | El Comercio. [s. l.], 2019a. Disponível em: https://www.elcomercio.es/deportes/ciclismo/detencion-ciclistas-kuota-20190925110024-nt.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2020.

EL COMERCIO. Países latinoamericanos ratifican el convenio cooperativo de lucha contra crimen trasnacional en Ecuador. [s. l.], 2019b. Disponível em: https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/paises-latinoamericanos-ratifican-convenio-cooperativo.html. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.

EL PACCTO. Ameripol. [s. l.], [s. d.]. Disponível em: https://www.elpaccto.eu/en/scope-of-action/ameripol/. Acesso em: 22 fev. 2020a.

EL PACCTO. Police Cooperation. [s. l.], [s. d.]. Disponível em: https://www.elpaccto.eu/en/scope-of-action/police-cooperation/. Acesso em: 22 fev. 2020b.

EMBAJADA DE ECUADOR EN MEXICO. Ameripol condecora a Ministro del Interior de Ecuador con “Gran Orden de Plata” - Embajada del Ecuador en México. [s. l.], 2015. Disponível em: https://mexico.embajada.gob.ec/ameripol-condecora-a-ministro-del-interior-de-ecuador-con-gran-orden-de-plata/. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2020.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Department for International Cooperation and Development. [s. l.], [s. d.].

EUROPOL. Europol Programming Document 2019-2021. [S. l.: s. n.]. Disponível em: https://www.europol.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/europol_programming_document_2018-2020.pdf. Acesso em: 21 jul. 2020a.

EUROPOL. 141 arrested in worldwide crackdown on airline fraud | Europol. [s. l.], 2018b. Disponível em: https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/141-arrested-in-worldwide-crackdown-airline-fraud. Acesso em: 7 maio. 2019.

FALK, Richard; RAJAGOPAL, Balakrishnan; STEVENS, Jacqueline. International Law and the Third World: Reshaping Justice. [S. l.]: Routledge, 2008. E-book.

FIIAPP. Latin America closes ranks on organised crime. [s. l.], 2020. Disponível em: https://www.fiiapp.org/en/noticias/america-latina-cierra-filas-contra-el-crimen-organizado/.

FITZGERALD, Oonagh et al. Reshaping Trade through Women’s Economic Empowerment. [S. l.], 2018.

GOLDSMITH, Jack L.; POSNER, Eric A. The Limits of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. E-book.

GUZMAN, Andrew T. A Compliance-Based Theory of International Law. California Law Review, [S. l.], v. 90, n. 6, p. 1823–1888, 2002. Disponível em: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/calr90&div=54

HOMELAND SECURITY TODAY. Global Action Against Airline Fraud Detains 140 – Homeland Security Today. [s. l.], [s. d.]. Disponível em: https://www.hstoday.us/channels/global/global-action-against-airline-fraud-detains-140/. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2020.

INSIGHT CRIME. LatAm Police Help Catch Top British Narco. [s. l.], 2013. Disponível em: https://www.insightcrime.org/news/brief/latam-police-help-catch-top-british-narco/. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.

INTERPOL. Our partnerships with regional policing bodies. [s. l.], [s. d.]. Disponível em: https://www.interpol.int/en/Our-partners/Our-partnerships-with-regional-policing-bodies. Acesso em: 22 fev. 2020.

INTERPOL. Dialogue on an effective multilateral policing architecture against global threats. [s. l.], 2019. Disponível em: https://www.interpol.int/en/How-we-work/Dialogue-on-an-effective-multilateral-policing-architecture-against-global-threats. Acesso em: 12 set. 2019.

INTERPOL. International policing at the crossroads of health and security. [s. l.], 2020. Disponível em: https://www.interpol.int/es/Noticias-y-acontecimientos/Noticias/2020/International-policing-at-the-crossroads-of-health-and-security. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2020.

KEOHANE, Robert O.; NYE, Joseph S. Power and Interdependence. 4th editio ed. Boston: Longman, 2012. E-book. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315231372

KLABBERS, Jan. An Introduction to International Institutional Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. E-book.

LA CAPITAL. Una cumbre antiterrorista con la mira puesta en Caracas y Teherán. [s. l.], 2020. Disponível em: https://www.lacapital.com.ar/el-mundo/una-cumbre-antiterrorista-la-mira-puesta-caracas-y-teheran-n2558519.html. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2020.

LA LIGA. LaLiga and Ameripol partner to tackle crime and violence in football. [s. l.], 2019. Disponível em: https://newsletter.laliga.es/global-futbol/laliga-ameripol-partner-to-tackle-crime-and-violence-in-football/rrss. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.

LA VANGUARDIA. La operación antidopaje en Asturias salpica a 6 ciclistas y a un exdirectivo. [s. l.], 2019. Disponível em: https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20190925/47631359008/la-operacion-antidopaje-en-asturias-salpica-a-6-ciclistas-y-a-un-exdirectivo.html. Acesso em: 25 out. 2019.

LARRE, Agustín. 16 países de Latinoamérica se coordinan para luchar contra el crimen organizado - Noticias Infodefensa América. [s. l.], 2019. Disponível em: https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2019/06/27/noticia-paises-latinoamerica-coordinan-luchar-contra-crimen-organizado.html. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2020.

LEVIT, Janet Koven. A bottom-up approach to international lawmaking: The tale of three trade finance instruments. Yale Journal of International Law, [S. l.], v. 30, p. 125–209, 2005. Disponível em: http://www.bemeunion.org.uk/Beme%2520Union%252OYearbook%25202004.pdf

LEVIT, Janet Koven. Bottom-up International Lawmaking: Reflections on the New Haven School of International Law. Yale Journal of International Law, [S. l.], v. 32, p. 393–420, 2007. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3868/s050-004-015-0003-8

LEVIT, Janet Koven. Bottom-Up Lawmaking: The Private Origins of Transnational Law. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 1, p. 49–73, 2008. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.2979/gls.2008.15.1.49. Acesso em: 9 maio. 2019.

MARICA, Andreea. Unión Europea Y Latinoamérica : Cooperación Estratégica en el ámbito de la seguridad. Revista Electrónica Iberoamericana, [S. l.], v. 11, p. 1–18, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/1988-0618

MARY, Gonzalo. Argentina y la UE acercan posturas en cooperación policial dentro del programa Paccto - Noticias Infodefensa América. [s. l.], 2020. Disponível em: https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2020/01/25/noticia-argentina-acercan-posturas-cooperacion-policial-dentro-programa-paccto.html. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2020.

MINISTÉRIO DA JUSTIÇA E SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA - BRASIL. Brasil firma acordo de cooperação policial na América Latina. [s. l.], 2019. Disponível em: https://www.justica.gov.br/news/collective-nitf-content-1552489857.59.

MINISTERIO DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA - BRASIL. PORTARIA No 172, DE 18 DE OUTUBRO DE 2018 - Imprensa Nacional. [S. l.: s. n.] Disponível em: http://www.in.gov.br/materia/-/asset_publisher/Kujrw0TZC2Mb/content/id/46221293/do2-2018-10-22-portaria-n-172-de-18-de-outubro-de-2018-46221119. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2020.

MINISTERIO DE GOBIERNO DE ECUADOR. Ministro del Interior inauguró VII Cumbre de Ameripol, este martes en Quito. [s. l.], 2014. Disponível em: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=lV5zO2MNeiE&feature=emb_logo. Acesso em: 1 jun. 2020.

ORTIZ, Sara. El crimen organizado infunde temor y los países se unen para combatirla | El Comercio. [s. l.], 2019. Disponível em: https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/crimen-organizado-seguridad-ameripol-combate.html. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2020.

PORTMANN, Roland. Legal Personality in International Law. [S. l.]: Cambridge University Press, 2010. E-book. Disponível em: http://repositorio.unan.edu.ni/2986/1/5624.pdf

PRESIDENCIA DE LA REPUBLICA DEL PERÚ. Resolución Suprema no 178-2016-IN2016. Disponível em: https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslegales/designan-oficial-de-enlace-ante-la-comunidad-de-policias-de-resolucion-suprema-n-178-2016-in-1391743-8/. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2020.

RAJAGOPAL, Balakrishnan. International Law from Below. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. E-book.

RAJAGOPAL, Balakrishnan. The role of law in counter-hegemonic globalization and global legal pluralism: lessons from the Narmada Valley struggle in India. Leiden Journal of International Law, [S. l.], v. 18, n. 3, p. 345–387, 2005.

RAJAGOPAL, Balakrishnan. Counter-hegemonic international law: rethinking human rights and development as a Third World strategy. Third World Quarterly, [S. l.], v. 27, n. 5, p. 767–783, 2006.

RAJAGOPAL, Balakrishnan. International law and its discontents: Rethinking the Global South. In: 2012, ASIL Annual Meeting Proceedings. : JSTOR, 2012. p. 176–181.

RAJAGOPAL, Balakrishnan. Right to development and global governance: old and new challenges twenty-five years on. Hum. Rts. Q., [S. l.], v. 35, p. 893, 2013.

RUSKOLA, Teemu. China in the Age of the World Picture. In: ORFORD, Anne;; HOFFMANN, Florian (org.). Oxford Handbook of the Theory of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. E-book.

SÁNCHEZ, Rubén; FIIAPP. Estudio sobre Ameripol: perspectiva histórica y de futuro. Madrid: [s. n.], 2015. Disponível em: www.fiiapp.org. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2020.

SANTOS, Juan Manuel. Memorias al Congreso 2007-2008. [s. l.], 2008. Disponível em: https://www.mindefensa.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/Mindefensa/Documentos/descargas/Documentos_Home/MEMORIAS-2007-2008.pdf. Acesso em: 28 set. 2020.

SASSEN, Saskia. The State and Globalization: Denationalized Participation. [S. l.: s. n.] Disponível em: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=&AN=edshol.hein.journals.mjil25.45&site=eds-live

SASSEN, Saskia. Territory, authority, rights : from medieval to global assemblages. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. E-book.

SHAW, Malcolm N. International Law. 8th Editio ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2017. E-book. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316979815

SLAUGHTER, Anne-Marie. A New World Order. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2004. E-book.

THE WHITE HOUSE. Strategy to combat transnational organized crime. [S. l.: s. n.]. Disponível em: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/criminal-ocgs/legacy/2011/08/31/08-30-11-toc-strategy.pdf. Acesso em: 28 set. 2020.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Country Reports on Terrorism 2007. [S. l.: s. n.].

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Country Reports on Terrorism 2016. [S. l.: s. n.].

UGARTE, José Manuel. APUNTES Y PROPUESTAS PARA LA COOPERACIÓN EN MATERIA DE INTELIGENCIA. Revista Política y Estrategia, [S. l.], n. 120, p. 153–199, 2012. Disponível em: https://politicayestrategia.cl/index.php/rpye/article/view/108

UNITED NATIONS. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. 1987. [S. l.: s. n.]p. 1–18.

UNITED NATIONS. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. [S. l.: s. n.] Disponível em: https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf

WEBEL, Charles; GALTUNG, Johan (org.). Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies. London and New York: Routledge, 2007. E-book. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203089163

WORSTER, William Thomas. Relative International Legal Personality of Non-State Actors. Brook Journal of International Law, [S. l.], v. 42, n. 1, p. 207–273, 2016.

Articoli simili

Puoi anche Iniziare una ricerca avanzata di similarità per questo articolo.