Bioethical implications of forensic genotyping

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RBCP v. 13, n. 10 set./dez. 2022 - Dossiê: Psicologia de Polícia
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Published: Sep 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31412/rbcp.v13i10.979
Keywords:
bioethics, forensic genetics, familial searches, investigative genetica genealogy, justice, UDBHR

Main Article Content

Bruno Rodrigues Trindade
Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brasil / Doutorando | Polícia Federal, Brasília-DF, Brasil / Perito Criminal Federal
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-8217
Portuguese Portuguese
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora-MG, Brasil / Professor | Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brasil / Doutorando
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-0892
João Costa-Neto
Portuguese
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7701-9995
Portuguese Portuguese
Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brasil / Professor
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4456-1577

Abstract

DNA testing has been used around the world not only to identify offenders, but also to prevent and correct wrongful convictions, as well as identify missing persons . Considering the Brazilian national context of crisis of the criminal process it is essential to reformulate the parameters of investigation and criminal proceedings, reinforcing their scientific basis and the need for a detailed expert examination of the set of existing traces. This permeates the confrontation of bioethical dilemmas. In this way, DUBDH is proposed as a normative bioethical paradigm to outline the research and applications of forensic genetics techniques. Furthermore, given the multi-inter-transdisciplinary nature of the theme, it is suggested rescuing and renewing the initial Potter concept of Bioethics as a bridge. This redemption and renewal can be done by Intervention Bioethics, which seeks through the mediation of complex solutions, among which we can include violence, public security, criminal judicial error and improved jurisdictional provision. The article discusses Forensic Genetics with emphasis on new technologies, such as indirect searches through DNA, e.g., Family Search in Official Databases and Investigative Genetic Genealogy. This new knowledge can lead to the resolution of crimes hitherto unsolvable by traditional means, with objective parameters that do not involve searches based on discriminatory elements.

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Bioethical implications of forensic genotyping. Brazilian Journal of Police Sciences, Brasília, Brasil, v. 13, n. 10, p. 139–184, 2022. DOI: 10.31412/rbcp.v13i10.979. Disponível em: https://periodicos.pf.gov.br/index.php/RBCP/article/view/979.. Acesso em: 2 nov. 2024.
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Vol. 13 No. 10 (2022): Police Psychology
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Author Biographies

Bruno Rodrigues Trindade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brasil / Doutorando | Polícia Federal, Brasília-DF, Brasil / Perito Criminal Federal

Federal Criminal Expert (since 2007). Doctoral student in Bioethics (University of Brasília - beginning in 2019). Master in Animal Science (Federal University of Goiás - 2006). Degree in Veterinary Medicine (Federal University of Goiás - 2003). Law Degree (University of Brasília - 2015). At the Federal Criminal Forensics, he has experience in food fraud expertise, environmental expertise, crime scene expertise, documentary expertise and forensic genetic expertise. He is currently assigned to the National Institute of Criminalistics-Diretoria Técnico Científica-DPF, being the head of the Forensic Genetics Sector (DNA Laboratory) of the National Institute of Criminalistics. Member of the Management Committee of the Integrated Network of Genetic Profiles Banks. He held the role of Administrator of the Federal Bank of Genetic Profiles (2018 - 2019). Professor at the National Police Academy in professional training and specialization courses in the disciplines: Criminalistics, Genetics, Probability and Statistics, Crime Scenes, Forensic Biometrics, Police Survival and Police Personal Defense.

Portuguese Portuguese, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora-MG, Brasil / Professor | Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brasil / Doutorando

Doctoral student in Bioethics at the University of Brasília (UnB). Graduated in Law from Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (2003). Specialist in Public Law from Escola Paulista de Direito, Master in Health, Society and Environment from the Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. He was a professor at the Faculty of Legal Sciences of Diamantina-Fundação Educacional do Vale do Jequitinhonha, an institution in which he also coordinated the Legal Practices Nucleus, participated in the Structuring Teaching Nucleus and Academic Council. He was designated professor in the Law course at the University of the State of Minas Gerais, Diamantina unit of the disciplines: Human Rights, Children and Adolescents Law and Professional Ethics/Statute of Law, in addition to exercising the role of coordinator and advisor at the Legal Practices Center . He was a professor at the Postgraduate Course 'latu sensu' in Education in Human Rights, at the Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, financed by the National Fund for the Development of Education (FNDE). He is currently Assistant Professor of Criminal Procedural Law and Criminal Practice at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Governador Valadares Campus, in addition to being advisor of the Legal Practices Nucleus, member of the Human Rights Reference Center at the same institution.

João Costa-Neto, Portuguese

Law Judge at the Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo (TJSP) and Professor at the Law School of the University of Brasília (UnB), at undergraduate and graduate levels (master's and doctorate). He is a Doctor and Master in Law, State and Constitution from the University of Brasília (UnB). Doctoral candidate in Public Law at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Master in Roman Law from the Law School of the University of São Paulo (USP). Bachelor and Licentiate in Philosophy from the University of Brasília (UnB). Bachelor of Laws from the Catholic University of Brasília (UCB). He was Assistant Judge in the Minister's Cabinet of the Federal Supreme Court. He was also a Lawyer, Reviewer and Federal Attorney. He was a member of the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies (Founded 1910) and the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies (Founded 1879). He is the author of the books: "Direito Civil", a single volume, co-authored with Carlos E. Elias de Oliveira (São Paulo: Method, 2022); "Freedom of Expression: the Conflict between the Legislator and the Constitutional Judge" (São Paulo: Saraiva, 2017); "'Iudex qui litem suam facit': objective civil liability in Rome" (Saarbrücken: NEA, 2016); "Human Dignity in the view of the German Federal Constitutional Court, the STF and the European Court of Human Rights" (São Paulo: Saraiva, 2014).

Portuguese Portuguese, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brasil / Professor

Graduation in Biological Sciences Medical Modality from the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP) in 1981. Master's in Genetics from the University of São Paulo (1985) and PhD in Genetics from the University of São Paulo (1991). Post-doctorate in Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro (Portugal, 2008). He represented the Ministry of the Environment at the Rotterdam Convention between 2005 and 2007. He is currently a professor at the Department of Genetics and Morphology at the Institute of Biological Sciences at the University of Brasília. He has experience in genetics, working in research in the areas of environmental mutagenesis, mainly on the following topics: ecotoxicology, ecogenotoxicology, chemical mutagenesis and human genetics. Accredited in the graduate programs in Molecular Pathology (Faculty of Medicine at UnB), Graduate Program in Bioethics at the Faculty of Health Sciences at UnB and Animal Biology (Institute of Biological Sciences at UnB). Coordinator of the Midwest Network of Aquatic Nanotoxicology, with funding from the MCTI/CNPq. Currently, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is the main experimental model, with studies of genotoxicity, malformations and teratogenesis, genomics, in addition to other toxicological bioassays, in the investigation of contaminants in water. CNPq-1D Researcher. Relevant Projects developed/under development: Ecotoxicology and genotoxicity of pesticides/pesticides. Embryotoxic, genotoxic and genomic studies of psychotropic drug residues in aquatic environments. Aquatic nanotoxicology - toxicological tests with metallic nanoparticles and nanocarbonaceous materials. Ecotoxicology of plastic microparticles in the aquatic environment. Cited in the PloS One Biology https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000918, October 2020 ranking of the world's most influential researchers in 2019.

How to Cite

Bioethical implications of forensic genotyping. Brazilian Journal of Police Sciences, Brasília, Brasil, v. 13, n. 10, p. 139–184, 2022. DOI: 10.31412/rbcp.v13i10.979. Disponível em: https://periodicos.pf.gov.br/index.php/RBCP/article/view/979.. Acesso em: 2 nov. 2024.

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